Cost of fouling in full-scale reverse osmosis and nanofiltration installations in the Netherlands
نویسندگان
چکیده
The economic impact of fouling in spiral wound membranes is not yet well explored. There has been an established assumption that the cost membrane processes significant, but this hypothesis thoroughly evaluated. We conducted analysis on seven full-scale installations, four nanofiltration (NF) and three reverse osmosis (RO), to estimate industrial plants. was calculated detail, including costs increase feed channel pressure drop, water permeability reduction, early replacement, extensive cleaning-in-place (CIP). estimated expressed as a fraction operational expenses (OPEX) for each plant major factors CIP were identified. selected NF plants fed with anoxic ground water, while RO either surface or municipal wastewater effluent. All produce drinking demineralized applications. found around 24% OPEX, related cases only 11% due low biofouling potential water. factor replacement cost, followed by additional energy minor contribution from cleaning costs. down-time (caused interruption production during event) can be frequent events, chemicals dominates non-frequent CIP. In case manual cleaning-in-place, increased 2% execution attention point reconsider, reviewed hold automated cleaning, providing productivity advantages.
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Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia ph +61 2 4221 3385, fax +61 2 4221 4738, [email protected] Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute, P.O. Box 361, 57001, Thermi, Greece ph ++302310498181, fax ++302310498189 [email protected] [email protected] Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 9...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Desalination
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1873-4464', '0011-9164']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114865